FALSE PREGNANCY (Pseudocyesis)

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What is a False Pregnancy?

In this, women experience more pronounced symptoms of pregnancy including missed periods, a growing abdomen, and even baby kicks. False pregnancy is not only common in women, but men also experience it at times. They develop similar pregnancy symptoms like their partner, including weight gain, nausea, and backache, which is referred to as couvade or sympathetic pregnancy. But this isn’t related to a miscarriage. In a false pregnancy, there was no conception and there is no baby. Despite this, symptoms can last long enough to make a woman, and even those around her, believe she’s expecting.

In simple terms, pseudocyesis or false pregnancy is believing that you are pregnant when in reality you are not carrying a child. Pseudocyesis is the medical term for a false pregnancy or what some people refer to as a phantom pregnancy. People with pseudocyesis have many, if not all, symptoms of pregnancy, with the exception of an actual fetus. 

A woman’s intuition is a funny thing. Most women know they are pregnant before they are even far enough along to take a test.

How Common Is Pseudocyesis?

In the general population, pseudocyesis occurs in about 1-6 out of every 22,000 births.  Most instances of pseudocyesis occur in women of childbearing ages, between the ages of 20-44 years. Rarely, men experience “sympathetic pregnancy,” known as pseudocyesis. You can experience pseudocyesis more than once in your life.

What Causes False Pregnancy?

Pseudocyesis is extremely rare in both men and women and just recently doctors have begun to understand the psychological and physical root of pseudocyesis. Although the exact causes still aren’t known, doctors suspect the cause comes from trauma, either a physical or mental trauma, while others believe it is a chemical imbalance. In some cases, there are other medical conditions that may cause pregnancy symptoms to be experienced.

Here are some of the reasons a person might experience symptoms of pseudocyesis:

  • An intense desire to get pregnant after miscarriage or impending menopause and hormonal imbalance which causes pregnancy symptoms to appear.
  • Abdominal distention from other physical factors such as weight gain, gas, or tumors, in combination with psychological delusions of pregnancy, may cause a woman to believe she is pregnant
  • Other physical and hormonal factors such as pituitary tumors or ovarian/uterine cysts or growths along with a desire to become pregnant.
  • The woman’s brain then misinterprets those signals as pregnancy, and triggers the release of hormones (such as estrogen and prolactin) that lead to actual pregnancy symptoms.

Symptoms

  • Enlarged and tender breasts, changes in the nipples, and possibly milk production
  • Interruption of the menstrual period
  • Weight gain
  • Morning sickness and vomiting
  • Reduced appetite

Tests for False Pregnancy

Ultimately, the only way to know for sure if someone is experiencing pseudocyesis is to administer a pregnancy test or ultrasound. The most definitive test to check for pregnancy would be an ultrasound that checks for the presence or absence of a developing fetus. In a case of false pregnancy, your health professionals will not see any baby in the ultrasound, and there won’t be any heartbeat. 

If the absence of pregnancy is confirmed, but concerning physical symptoms linger, another testing might be administered to rule out other medical issues, such as hormonal imbalances or tumor growth. Certain medical conditions can mimic the symptoms of pregnancy, including ectopic pregnancy, morbid obesity, and cancer. health professionals conduct further tests to rule out these.

Treating False Pregnancy

Pregnancy, whether true or false, is an exciting time for an expectant mother. When women believe they are pregnant, especially for a period of several months, it can be very upsetting for them to learn that they are not. The grief that comes next may be intense.  In this case, they may need to be under the care of a psychiatrist or psychologist. In some cases, psychotropic drugs, in combination with psychotherapy, may be helpful.

Bottom line

It’s important to understand that pseudocyesis is a very complex issue. If you are caring for a loved one who has experienced pseudocyesis, it’s important to be gentle. Very often, pseudocyesis stems from the trauma of having lost a pregnancy or having experienced infertility. 

Pseudocyesis is treatable and can be resolved, but it may be painful for the person who is experiencing it as well as their loved ones. So be kind and also encourage your loved one to seek professional help when the situation warrants it. Most of all, remember that you are not alone, and with proper care, you will feel like yourself again before you know it.

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

References:

https://www.webmd.com/baby/false-pregnancy-pseudocyesis#1 https://americanpregnancy.org/getting-pregnant/false-pregnancy/ 

https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/phantom-pregnancy

Rare Pregnancy Complications

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Most pregnancies progress normally without complications while other pregnancies occur with rare complications that interfere with normal fetal development. These may be related to a genetic disorder, problems with the fetus’s chromosomes, or abnormal placental development. Sometimes, diseases or conditions the mother had before she became pregnant can lead to complications during pregnancy. Identical twin pregnancies can also be susceptible to issues related to the sharing of a single placenta and common blood vessels.

A few women experienced very unusual complications in pregnancy, sometimes with a risk of stillbirth. Even with complications, early detection and prenatal care can reduce any further risk to you and your baby.

7 of the rarest complications of pregnancy include:

Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction  (LUTO) is A rare birth defect in which the fetus has a blockage in the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the baby’s bladder and into the amniotic sac. LUTO is also known as bladder outlet obstruction.

Fetal Hydrothorax is when abnormal amounts of fluid from within the chest of a fetus. This fluid may be in the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural space) or within the core of the lung or chest masses. Fetal hydrothorax may also be referred to as a pleural effusion.

Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) is a rare condition of monochorionic twin pregnancies. It arises when the cardiac system of one twin does the work of supplying blood for both twins. The twin supplying the blood is known as the “pump twin” and develops normally in the womb.

Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)

is a rare pregnancy condition affecting identical twins or other multiples. TTTS occurs in pregnancies where twins share one placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients essential for development in the womb.

Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS)  is a rare but severe complication in identical twin pregnancies that share a single placenta (monochorionic). TAPS is caused by an imbalance in red blood cells exchanged between the twins through tiny placental blood circulations (anastomoses).

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia is a birth defect where there is a hole in the diaphragm (the large muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen). Organs in the abdomen (such as intestines, stomach, and liver) can move through the hole in the diaphragm and upwards into a baby’s chest.

Selective Intrauterine Growth Restriction is a condition that can occur in some identical twin pregnancies. These pregnancies are known as monochorionic, which means the twins share a placenta (afterbirth) and a network of blood vessels.

Treatments and procedures during labor and delivery

Sometimes the vaginal opening does not stretch enough for the baby’s head. In this case, an episiotomy aids your healthcare provider in delivering your baby. An episiotomy makes the opening of the vagina a bit wider, allowing the baby to come through it more easily. Sometimes a woman’s perineum may tear as their baby comes out. In some births, an episiotomy can help to prevent a severe tear or speed up delivery if the baby needs to be born quickly. Normally, once the baby’s head is seen, your healthcare provider will ease your baby’s head and chin out of your vagina. Once the baby’s head is out, the shoulders and the rest of the body follow.

Doctors will perform a cesarean when the low-lying placenta partially or completely covers the cervix (placenta previa). A cesarean is also necessary when the placenta separates from the uterine lining, causing the baby to lose oxygen (placenta abruption). Health care providers use it when they believe it is safer for the mother, the baby, or both.

Fetal ultrasound is a regular test during pregnancy. It creates an image of the baby in the mother’s womb (uterus). It’s a safe way to check the health of an unborn baby. During a fetal ultrasound, the baby’s heart, head, and spine are evaluated, along with other parts of the baby. The test may be done either on the mother’s abdomen (transabdominal) or in the vagina (transvaginal).

Fetal heart rate monitoring

Fetal heart rate monitoring measures the heart rate and rhythm of your baby (fetus). This lets your healthcare provider see how your baby is doing. Fetal heart rate monitoring is especially helpful if you have a high-risk pregnancy and may be used to check how preterm labor medicines are affecting your baby. The average fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute. It can vary by 5 to 25 beats per minute. The fetal heart rate may change as your baby responds to conditions in your uterus. An abnormal fetal heart rate may mean that your baby is not getting enough oxygen or that there are other problems.

Most pregnant women with rare complications want to do everything right for their baby, including eating right, exercising regularly, and getting good prenatal care. If the complications you encountered in your pregnancy are causing your mood disorder, you may benefit from speaking with a reproductive psychiatrist that may also be trying to manage your psychiatric symptoms as you prepare to welcome your new baby. 

Disclaimer


This website’s text, graphics, images, and materials are for informational use only.. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
Consult a physician or healthcare provider for medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Don’t ignore medical advice due to website content.

References: 

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/rare-pregnancy-complications

https://healthtalk.org/pregnancy/rarer-complications

https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/delivery-complications

AMNIOTIC FLUID

AMNIOTIC FLUID: What you need to know

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What is amniotic fluid?

The Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds your baby during pregnancy. It’s very important for your baby’s development. It is a clear, yellow fluid that is found within the first 12 days following conception within the amniotic sac. It is the protective liquid contained by the amniotic sac of a gravid amniote. This fluid serves as a cushion for the growing fetus but also serves to facilitate the exchange of nutrients, water, and biochemical products between mother and fetus. It also helps keep the umbilical cord floating freely so that it doesn’t squish between the baby and the side of your uterus.

Facts

  • At first, it consists of water from the mother’s body, but gradually, the larger proportion is made up of the baby’s urine.
  • It also contains vital components, such as nutrients, hormones, and infection-fighting antibodies and it helps protect the baby from bumps and injury.
  • If the levels of amniotic fluid levels are too low or too high, this can pose a problem.
  • When it is green or brown, this indicates that the baby has passed meconium before birth. Meconium is the name of the first bowel movement. Meconium in the fluid can be problematic. It can cause a breathing problem called meconium aspiration syndrome that occurs when the meconium enters the lungs. In some cases, babies will require treatment after they are born.

Amniotic fluid is responsible for:

  • Protecting the fetus: The fluid cushions the baby from outside pressures, acting as a protective function against external trauma or shock.
  • Temperature control: It helps maintain fetal temperature stable.
  • Protection and defense against infection. The amniotic fluid contains antibodies. 
  • Lung and digestive system development: It contributes to lung maturation by breathing and swallowing it, the baby practices using the muscles of these systems as they grow.
  • Muscle and bone development: It allows fetal musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and lung development.
  • Lubrication it prevents parts of the body such as the fingers and toes from growing together; webbing can occur if amniotic fluid levels are low. 
  • Umbilical cord support: Fluid in the uterus prevents the umbilical cord from being compressed. This cord transports food and oxygen from the placenta to the growing fetus.

How much amniotic fluid should there be?

Normally, the level of fluid is at its highest around 36 of pregnancy, measuring around 1 quart. This level decreases as birth nears. After that, the amount usually begins to decrease. Sometimes you can have too little or too much amniotic fluid. Having too little fluid is called oligohydramnios. Having too much fluid is called polyhydramnios. Either one can cause problems for a pregnant woman and her baby. Even with these conditions, though, most babies are born healthy. 

Oligohydramnios. Amniotic fluid deficiency. This condition is associates with complications, such as:

  • Early labor induction.
  • Low birthweight.
  • Fetal bradycardia during delivery.
  • It can even cause fetal death.

Polyhydramnios. An excess of amniotic fluid. This condition is associates with complications, especially maternal, such as:

  • Gestational diabetes.
  • Hypertension during pregnancy.

Sometimes, fluid leaks before the waters break. When the waters break, the amniotic sac tears. It is contained within the sac then begins to leak out via the cervix and vagina. Anyone who is concerned about leaking or levels of amniotic fluid during pregnancy should discuss this with their healthcare provider.

Therefore, Amniotic fluid has a very important role in the fetus’s development and well-being during pregnancy.  Any alteration can cause major damage. In addition, its prenatal study and analysis can detect congenital defects, such as chromosome disorders. This is performed through amniocentesis. However, this technique is also associated with major risks that the medical professional must evaluate before performing it on a patient.

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

References:

https://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/how-to-increase-amniotic-fluid

https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/amniotic-fluid.aspx

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/307082

First Time Pregnancy: Tips for a Healthy Pregnancy

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Having a child is the most precious, amazing, and scariest thing ever. The basic logic here is to be healthy and stay healthy for you and your baby. Here are some tips for you for a first-time pregnancy. These will help you get through your first time being pregnant with little worrying. Let’s face it, we’re women and we worry but don’t get so worked up, it will upset the baby. Good luck and congratulations.

Take Care of Yourself

The basic premise here is to be healthy and stay healthy for you and your baby.  Don’t smoke or be around secondhand smoking or be around heavy smokers. You should not drink either.  You should sleep and rest as much as possible because you will NEED it! If you’re not, start taking prenatal vitamins, with folic acid.  When you buy these, always make sure they contain folic acid. It is vital to your pregnancy. Taking care of yourself will ensure that you have a healthy baby growing inside of you.  Your baby’s neural cord turns into the brain and spinal cord, developing in the 1st month you’re pregnant. Therefore, essential vitamins and minerals are very important from day one.

Exercise 

Having a baby is rough both physically and mentally. Staying active is important for your general health and can help you reduce stress, control your weight, improve circulation, boost your mood, and sleep better. Low impact exercise can help ease back pain, increase circulation, and improve your mood. It will also strengthen your muscles and ligaments in preparation for labor. Take pregnancy exercise or walk at least 15-20 minutes every day at a moderate pace, in cool, shaded areas or indoors in order to prevent overheating. Aim for 30 minutes of exercise most days of the week. Listen to your body, though, and don’t overdo it.

Take a Prenatal Vitamin

Even when you’re still trying to conceive, it’s smart to start taking prenatal vitamins. Within the first month of pregnancy, your baby’s neural cord, which becomes the brain and spinal cord, develops, so it’s important you get essential nutrients, like folic acid, calcium, and iron from the very start.

Eating Healthy

If you’re pregnant or thinking about getting pregnant, you need to start taking care of yourself. Don’t smoke or be around secondhand smoke, don’t drink, and get your rest. You may drink 8-10 glasses of water each day, you should eat five or six well-balanced meals with plenty of folate-rich foods like fortified cereals, asparagus, lentils, wheat germ, oranges, and orange juice. Limit your caffeine during pregnancy since it can have harmful effects on you and the baby. Add fish to your diet since fish is high in omega 3s, a nutrient critical to brain development. There’s just one catch: Some kinds of fish contain mercury, which can be toxic to both babies and adults.

To be safe, the FDA recommends that pregnant women eat no more than 12 ounces of fish per week. Stick with canned light tuna, shrimp, salmon, pollack, or catfish. Avoid swordfish, shark, king mackerel, and tilefish, which are all high in mercury.

Track Your Weight Gain

During your pregnancy, it’s okay to gain weight, you’re eating for two, however, gaining too much weight can be unhealthy for you. If you don’t gain enough weight, your baby’s birth weight and health could be in jeopardy. You’re eating for two. But packing on too many extra pounds may make them hard to lose later.  

Here’s what the IOM recommends, based on a woman’s BMI (body mass index) before becoming pregnant with one baby:

– Underweight: Gain 28-40 pounds

– Normal weight: Gain 25-35 pounds

– Overweight: Gain 15-25 pounds

– Obese: Gain 11-20 pounds

Check-in with your doctor frequently to make sure you’re gaining at a healthy rate.

Eliminate Toxins

Avoid tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and even solvents such as paint thinners and nail polish remover while pregnant because they are linked to birth defects, miscarriage, and other problems. Smoking cigarettes, for example, decreases oxygen flow to your baby; it’s linked to preterm birth and other complications. A doctor can offer advice and support, as well as refer you to a program that helps pregnant women stop smoking.

Make a Birth Plan

Being a mother begins during the birth of your baby. You want to make this moment special and safe. That is why making a birthing plan is essential. Do your own research online about your options before taking any advice from friends and family. This is your decision so you should have an unbiased view of the ways to give birth.

While a hospital birth is traditional, a rise in the use of midwives and even home births is occurring. The decisions to use an epidural, have a water birth, or a delayed cord clamping are just a few more.

Since it’s your first time being pregnant, it’s scary. As you progress in your pregnancy, more questions will pop up daily. To find more tips for first-time pregnancies visit online forums and mom’s groups to get anecdotal advice from moms who have been in your shoes.

If you don’t know what your pains are, call the doctor or talk to a  nurse in the office and ask them about the pains.  Enjoy your pregnancy!

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

References:

https://www.parents.com/pregnancy/my-body/pregnancy-health/healthy-pregnancy-tips/

https://ferny.com/life-style/tips-for-first-time-pregnancies/

Importance of Pulse Oximeter During COVID-19

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The whole world is greatly affected by the current COVID-19 pandemic caused due to emerging novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) which specifically attacks the respiratory system and reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity to develop hypoxia.

Many people with COVID-19 have low levels of oxygen in their blood, even when they feel well. Low oxygen levels can be an early warning sign that medical care is needed. The severely affected COVID-19 patients require ventilators to survive and to fulfill the need for oxygen. However, the number of ventilators is much less than that of the actual number of COVID-19 patients. 

What is a pulse oximeter and what does it measure?

A pulse oximeter is a small non-invasive device that is used to determine hypoxia in patients. The main function of the pulse oximeter is to determine the amount of oxygen saturation (SpO2), which indicates the amount of oxygen in the blood. This can give you valuable information about your health.

Can a pulse oximeter tell if someone has COVID-19?

You may be wondering if an oximeter can help detect COVID-19 early? 

Pulse oximeters are not recommended as a way to tell if someone has COVID-19.  Not everyone who tests positive for COVID-19 will develop low oxygen levels. There are people who may have a very uncomfortable fever, muscle aches, and GI upset at home, but never demonstrate low oxygen levels. Get tested if you have signs of COVID-19 or if you have been in close contact with someone who has it. The pulse oximeter can be used in primary clinical care to determine oxygen saturation. Furthermore, pulse oximeters have become a game-changer in the COVID-19 pandemic to detect the oxygen requirement in patients. However, there are several factors affecting the sensitivity of pulse oximeters that need to be understood to get an accurate reading. 

Can a pulse oximeter be a helpful tool for monitoring COVID-19 at home?

An oximeter can be a helpful tool for monitoring oxygen levels so that low oxygen levels can be detected early if a person has a mild case of COVID-19 and is self-treating at home. If you have tested positive for COVID-19 and are concerned about any developing symptoms, check immediately with your healthcare provider. If you are experiencing severe chest pain, uncontrollable coughing, or dusky lips or fingers, it’s time to go to the ER.

The pulse oximeter gives only primary judgment about oxygen saturation and it is not at all a substitute for the ABG analysis. Moreover, the pulse oximeter cannot be relied on as a sole monitor to check the various events such as cardiac complications/arrests, respiratory tract-related problems, oesophageal intubation, or failure of oxygen supply.

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.

References:

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00194506.2020.1845988

https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2020/aug/can-an-oximeter-help-detect-covid-19-at-home/

https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/pulseoximeter.html

Pregnant woman sitting on a lawn addressing pregnancy concerns, lovingly looking at her belly, surrounded by nature

Pregnancy concerns:

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Miscarriage:

Pregnancy is a journey filled with anticipation, joy, and sometimes anxiety. One of the major pregnancy concerns that affects approximately one in four women is the possibility of experiencing a miscarriage, especially during the first pregnancy. The fear of miscarriage is particularly acute in the initial 13 weeks. However, it’s essential to understand that miscarriage often results from natural processes correcting developmental issues with the fetus. While losing a pregnancy is undoubtedly devastating, it’s important to maintain optimism, as the majority of pregnancies—three out of four—do not end in miscarriage.

Down’s Syndrome: Early Detection and Tests

Thanks to advances in medical science, expectant mothers have access to several tests for detecting Down’s syndrome early in the baby’s development. Follow-up tests may be necessary, but it’s crucial to remember that these are precautionary measures, and the likelihood is that your baby will be perfectly healthy.

Premature Labor: Understanding Viability and Outcomes

The concern of premature labor is one of the most common pregnancy concerns among pregnant women. The good news is that after 24 weeks, a fetus is considered viable outside the womb with medical assistance. While not ideal, premature birth, even as early as 32 weeks, often results in healthy babies who grow to lead full and vibrant lives. This is especially true for multiples, who tend to be born earlier.

Birth Defects: Managing Fears and Expectations

Many expectant mothers fear the possibility of birth defects. This anxiety is a normal part of the desire for a healthy child. However, nature is adept at ensuring the healthy development of most babies, who are born without any major issues.

Alcohol Consumption in Early Pregnancy

Discovering pregnancy six weeks in, possibly after a period of alcohol consumption, can cause worry. However, early-stage fetuses are resilient to such exposures. While it’s crucial to discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider, there’s generally no need for undue stress.

Overcoming Pregnancy Concerns and overcoming it Confidence

While pregnancy can be an uncertain time, filled with new challenges and fears, it’s also a period of incredible transformation and growth. Remember, the journey of bringing a new life into the world, though unpredictable, is not as daunting as it may seem. Embrace each moment with confidence and seek support when needed.

For more detailed information and support, consider visiting:

Engaging with these resources can provide further assurance and guidance throughout your pregnancy journey.

Disclaimer:

This website’s content, including texts, graphics, images, and other materials, is for informational purposes only. Its goal is to foster a broad understanding and awareness of various health topics. It should not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your physician or a qualified healthcare provider for any questions about a medical condition or treatment. Begin a new healthcare regimen only after consulting a healthcare provider, and never ignore professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of information on this website.



Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring During Labor

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What is Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring?

Fetal heart rate monitoring is a procedure used to evaluate the well-being of the fetus by assessing the rate and rhythm and the presence or absence of accelerations (increases) or decelerations (decreases) of the fetal heartbeat. It also checks how much the fetal heart rate changes around the baseline. The average fetal heart rate is between 110 and 160 beats per minute and can vary five to 25 beats per minute. The fetal heart rate may change as the fetus responds to conditions in the uterus. An abnormal fetal heart rate or pattern may mean that the fetus is not getting enough oxygen or there are other problems. An abnormal pattern also may mean that an emergency cesarean delivery is needed. 

How is fetal monitoring performed? 

Using a handheld Doppler (a type of ultrasound) to listen and measure the response of the fetus’s heart rate to contractions of the uterus. This is often used during prenatal visits to count the fetal heart rate or in a pregnancy less than 24 weeks. Electronic fetal monitoring is used in late pregnancy to evaluate the fetus or to check fetal well-being during labor. It provides an ongoing record that can be read. The procedure for monitoring the fetal heart rate is painless, but internal monitoring can be uncomfortable. There are very few risks associated with this procedure, so it’s routinely done on all women in labor and delivery. 

  • The gel is applied to the mother’s abdomen to act as a medium for the ultrasound transducer.
  • The ultrasound transducer is attached to the abdomen with straps and transmits the fetal heartbeat to a recorder. The fetal heart rate is displayed on a screen and printed onto special paper.
  • During contractions, an external tocodynamometer (a monitoring device that is placed over the top of the uterus with a belt) can record the patterns of contractions.
  • Sometimes, internal fetal monitoring is necessary for a more accurate reading of the fetal heart rate. Your bag of waters (amniotic fluid) must be broken and your cervix must be partially dilated to use internal monitoring. Internal fetal monitoring involves inserting an electrode through the dilated cervix and attaching the electrode to the scalp of the fetus, called a fetal scalp electrode.

There are two methods for fetal heart rate monitoring

  • External fetal heart rate monitoring uses a device to listen to or record the fetal heartbeat through the mother’s abdomen. One type of monitor is a hand-held electronic Doppler ultrasound device. This method is often used during prenatal visits to count the fetal heart rate. A Doppler device may also be used to check the fetal heart rate at regular intervals during labor. Continuous electronic fetal heart monitoring may be used during labor and birth. An ultrasound transducer placed on the mother’s abdomen conducts the sounds of the fetal heart to a computer. The rate and pattern of the fetal heart are displayed on the computer screen and printed onto the special graph paper.
  • Internal fetal heart rate monitoring uses an electronic transducer connected directly to the fetal scalp.  A wire called an electrode is used. It is placed on the part of the fetus closest to the cervix, usually the scalp. This type of electrode is sometimes called a spiral or scalp electrode. Internal monitoring provides a more accurate and consistent transmission of the fetal heart rate than external monitoring because factors such as movement do not affect it. Uterine contractions also may be monitored with a special tube called an intrauterine pressure catheter that is inserted through the vagina into your uterus. Internal monitoring can be used only after the membranes of the amniotic sac have ruptured (after “your water breaks” or is broken). Internal monitoring may be used when external monitoring of the fetal heart rate is inadequate, or closer surveillance is needed. After internal fetal heart rate monitoring, the electrode site on the newborn baby will be examined for infection, bruising, or a laceration. The site may be cleansed with an antiseptic.

Risk:

Fetal monitoring is widely used. There are no known risks to using the fetoscope, Doppler, or external monitoring. There may be a slight risk of infection with internal monitoring. The scalp electrode may also cause a mark or small cut on the baby’s head, but this usually heals quickly. An abnormal fetal heart rate pattern does not always mean the fetus is in danger. Electronic fetal monitoring is widely used in the United States. However, studies have found that the use of electronic fetal monitoring is associated with a greater chance for vacuum and forceps use with vaginal deliveries, and for cesarean delivery.

Benefits:

Fetal monitoring may help with a possible recognition of problems in the fetus. Other testing or delivery may be necessary.

Why is fetal heart rate monitoring done during labor and delivery?

Fetal heart rate monitoring may help detect changes in the normal heart rate pattern during labor. If certain changes are detected, steps can be taken to help treat the underlying problem. Fetal heart rate monitoring also can help prevent treatments that are not needed. A normal fetal heart rate can reassure both you and your obstetrician-gynecologist (ob-gyn) or other health care professional that it is safe to continue labor if no other problems are present.

What happens if the fetal heart rate pattern is abnormal?

Abnormal fetal heart rate patterns do not always mean there is a problem. Other tests may be done to get a better idea of what is going on with your fetus.

If there is an abnormal fetal heart rate pattern, your ob-gyn or other health care professional will first try to find the cause. Steps can be taken to help the fetus get more oxygen, such as having you change position. If these procedures do not work, or if further test results suggest your fetus has a problem, your ob-gyn or other health care professional may decide to deliver right away. In this case, the delivery is more likely to be by cesarean birth or with forceps or vacuum-assisted 

There is no special type of care required after external fetal heart rate monitoring. You may resume your normal diet and activity unless your health care provider advises you differently.

Your health care provider may give you additional or alternate instructions after the procedure, depending on your particular situation.

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
Mother breastfeeding her newborn baby in a serene setting, promoting bonding and nutritional benefits.

Prepare for Breastfeeding Before Baby Arrives: Essential Tips and Strategies

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Welcoming a new baby into your life is an exciting time filled with anticipation and preparations. Among the most important preparations is getting ready to breastfeed. To ensure a smooth breastfeeding journey, it’s crucial to prepare well before your baby arrives. This guide will walk you through the steps to prepare for breastfeeding before baby arrives, ensuring you feel confident and ready when the time comes.

Understand the Benefits of Breastfeeding

Before diving into the preparations, it’s important to understand why breastfeeding is highly recommended for most mothers and infants. Breastfeeding offers a myriad of health benefits for both the baby and the mother. It provides the perfect mix of vitamins, protein, and fat that your baby needs for growth. Breast milk contains antibodies that help your baby fight off viruses and bacteria. Additionally, breastfeeding can forge a stronger emotional bond between mother and baby.

Educate Yourself About Breastfeeding

Attend Breastfeeding Classes

Consider enrolling in breastfeeding classes offered by local hospitals or community centers. These classes provide valuable information on various techniques, what to expect in the first few weeks, and how to handle common challenges. They also offer a great opportunity to meet other expectant mothers.

Read Books and Reliable Online Resources

Arm yourself with knowledge by reading books about breastfeeding and visiting reputable websites. Resources like La Leche League and the American Academy of Pediatrics offer up-to-date, research-backed information.

Set Up a Comfortable Feeding Area

Create a designated feeding area in your home where you can feed your baby peacefully. This spot should have a comfortable chair with good back support, a footrest, and a small table for items like water, snacks, and breastfeeding accessories. Consider a nearby spot for placing a basket with essentials such as breast pads, burp cloths, and a breast pump.

Purchase Necessary Breastfeeding Supplies

Breast Pump and Accessories

Whether you plan to return to work or simply need to have a supply of milk handy, a breast pump is essential. Research different types of pumps to find one that suits your needs.

Nursing Bras and Clothing

Invest in comfortable nursing bras and clothes that provide easy breast access. This makes it easier to breastfeed discreetly and comfortably, whether you’re at home or out and about.

Consult with a Lactation Consultant

Meeting with a lactation consultant can be a game-changer. They can offer personalized advice and demonstrate proper latch and positioning techniques. Many consultants will even make home visits after your baby is born to help troubleshoot any issues.

Practice Healthy Living

Nutrition

Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, proteins, and whole grains can help ensure a healthy milk supply. Also, stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids.

Physical Health

Continue with moderate exercise as advised by your healthcare provider. Staying active can boost your mood and overall health.

Prepare Mentally

Breastfeeding can be a challenging experience for many new mothers, both physically and emotionally. Prepare yourself mentally by setting realistic expectations and preparing to be patient with yourself and your baby as you both learn this new skill.

Conclusion: Ready for a Rewarding Journey

Preparing for breastfeeding before your baby arrives is a proactive approach that can set the stage for a fulfilling and successful breastfeeding experience. It’s about making informed choices, setting up a supportive environment, and caring for your own health. With these preparations in place, you can look forward to a rewarding breastfeeding journey filled with precious bonding moments with your baby. Remember, every mother’s breastfeeding journey is unique. Be flexible and patient, and don’t hesitate to seek support when you need it. Happy breastfeeding!

Reference:

  1. La Leche League International – This organization offers a wealth of information on breastfeeding, including how to prepare before your baby arrives. They also provide support through local groups.
  2. American Academy of Pediatrics Breastfeeding Initiatives – The AAP’s section on breastfeeding is a great resource for understanding the health benefits and getting practical tips for breastfeeding success.
  3. KellyMom – Founded by a lactation consultant, this website is a trusted resource for evidence-based information on breastfeeding and parenting.
  4. Breastfeeding USA – Breastfeeding USA provides evidence-based information and support, and helps mothers find a breastfeeding counselor.

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
Pregnant woman sleeping peacefully on her side with a pregnancy pillowToronTek

Simple Guide to Sleeping Well During Pregnancy

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Pregnancy is a beautiful, transformative journey, but it can also bring about significant changes in a woman’s body that affect her sleep patterns. As the body undergoes physical and hormonal changes, finding a comfortable sleeping position becomes challenging. This comprehensive guide offers practical advice on how to manage these changes effectively. Here, we delve into the “Simple Guide to Sleeping Well During Pregnancy,” providing you with tips and strategies to enhance sleep quality and comfort.

Understanding Sleep Challenges During Pregnancy

During pregnancy, women may experience a variety of sleep disturbances, including increased frequency of waking up at night, difficulty finding a comfortable sleeping position, and a higher incidence of sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea. These issues are primarily due to hormonal changes, physical discomfort, and psychological stress.

Optimal Sleep Positions

The Left Side Advantage

Sleeping on your left side is often recommended for pregnant women. This position improves circulation, which is beneficial for both mother and baby. It also helps in reducing the pressure exerted by the uterus on the liver, which is on the right side.

Use of Pregnancy Pillows

Investing in a pregnancy pillow can make a significant difference. These pillows are designed to support the belly, back, and legs, and can help maintain a side-lying position comfortably throughout the night.

Managing Sleep Disturbances

Regular Exercise

Engaging in regular, moderate exercise can improve circulation and reduce leg cramps, which are common in late pregnancy. However, avoid vigorous activity close to bedtime as it might interfere with your sleep.

Diet and Fluid Intake

Avoid large meals and caffeine close to bedtime to prevent heartburn and caffeine-induced wakefulness. Also, balance your fluid intake to reduce frequent nighttime trips to the bathroom while ensuring you are well hydrated during the day.

Creating a Restful Sleeping Environment

Keep It Cool and Dark

Maintain a comfortable, cool temperature in your bedroom. Use blackout curtains to keep it dark and serene, creating an ideal sleeping environment.

Establish a Relaxing Bedtime Routine

Develop a consistent bedtime routine to signal to your body that it’s time to wind down. This could include reading a book, taking a warm bath, or practicing relaxation exercises like deep breathing or meditation.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

If sleep disturbances become severe or are accompanied by other symptoms, it might be necessary to consult your healthcare provider. Conditions like gestational diabetes or preeclampsia can also affect your sleep and require medical attention.

Conclusion: Embrace Restful Nights

Following this simple guide to sleeping well during pregnancy can significantly ease the discomfort and help you achieve the rest you need during this critical time. Remember, every woman’s pregnancy experience is unique, and what works for one may not work for another. Experiment with different strategies to find what best suits your needs.

Reference:

  1. American Pregnancy Association – Sleep During Pregnancy – This resource provides detailed information on the sleep changes expectant mothers can anticipate and offers tips for managing these changes effectively.
  2. Mayo Clinic – Pregnancy Week by Week – The Mayo Clinic offers expert advice on how to adapt your sleep positions and environment during each trimester to optimize sleep.
  3. National Sleep Foundation – Pregnancy and Sleep – Here, the National Sleep Foundation explores common sleep issues during pregnancy and provides guidance on how to deal with them for better rest.
  4. What to Expect – Pregnancy Sleep Tips – This article offers practical solutions for sleep problems commonly faced by pregnant women, including insights into the use of pregnancy pillows and relaxation techniques.
Pregnant woman consulting with her doctor during a prenatal checkup.ToronTek

Having A Baby at 40: Risks and Benefits You Need to Know

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In recent years, it has become increasingly common for individuals to consider starting or expanding their families in their forties. While having a baby at 40 can be a joyous and rewarding experience, it’s important to understand the potential risks and benefits associated with late pregnancy. This article provides a comprehensive overview of what you need to know if you are contemplating this significant life choice.

Understanding the Risks

Increased Medical Concerns

One of the most discussed aspects of having a baby at 40 is the increased risk of medical complications. These can include higher chances of gestational diabetes, high blood pressure, and pre-eclampsia. All of these conditions can pose significant risks to both mother and child and typically require close medical supervision.

Genetic Risks

The risk of chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome, also increases with maternal age. According to the Down Syndrome Association, the risk of having a child with Down syndrome is approximately 1 in 100 at age 40, compared to 1 in 1,500 at age 20.

Fertility Challenges

Fertility naturally declines with age, and women in their forties may find it harder to conceive. This is often due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of eggs. Many turn to fertility treatments, such as IVF, which can be costly and physically demanding.

Considering the Benefits

More Stability and Experience

Many people in their forties are more financially and emotionally stable compared to their younger counterparts. This stability can provide a solid foundation for raising a child. Additionally, older parents often bring more life experience and patience, which are invaluable in parenting.

Increased Support Networks

Older parents often have stronger, more established support networks. These can include relationships with healthcare providers, long-term friends, and community connections that can provide support and resources throughout the parenting journey.

Better Health and Lifestyle

Many 40-plus individuals are more conscious of their health and lifestyle choices. This awareness can lead to healthier pregnancies, as older parents are often more committed to maintaining optimal health to support a healthy pregnancy.

Planning for Pregnancy After 40

Consult with Healthcare Professionals

Before deciding to conceive, it is crucial to consult with healthcare professionals. They can provide a preconception checkup, offer genetic screening, and discuss fertility treatments if necessary.

Consider Prenatal Testing

Advanced maternal age increases the recommendation for comprehensive prenatal testing. Tests such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) can provide information about the baby’s health and development.

Embrace a Healthy Lifestyle

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is essential, including eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding harmful substances. These habits can significantly affect both fertility and pregnancy health.

Conclusion: A Well-Informed Decision

Having a baby at 40 is a decision that comes with unique challenges and rewards. While the risks associated with late pregnancy should not be underestimated, the benefits of increased life experience and stability can contribute to a positive parenting experience. By being well-informed and carefully preparing for the journey ahead, many find that having a baby at 40 is not just feasible but deeply fulfilling.

Reference:

  1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) – Later Childbearing – ACOG provides comprehensive information on the risks and precautions associated with having a baby later in life.
  2. March of Dimes – Age and Fertility – This page offers insights into how age affects fertility and pregnancy, as well as steps to take to maximize health for mother and baby.
  3. National Down Syndrome Society – Prenatal Down Syndrome Screening and Diagnosis – This resource provides detailed information on the risks of chromosomal abnormalities with increased maternal age and available screening methods.
  4. Mayo Clinic – Pregnancy after 35 – Mayo Clinic discusses the medical risks and benefits of pregnancy after 35 and provides tips for a healthy pregnancy.

Disclaimer

The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. The purpose of this website is to promote broad consumer understanding and knowledge of various health topics. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or another qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.